The lecture and the passage hold opposit points of view about the question that if humpback whales use starts to navigate their migrations. The article mentions three pieces of evidence to support the concept while the professor disagrees with all of them.

Firstly, the reading passage mentions that humpback whales are smart enough to use stars to navigate. However, the professor states that there is no such connection between smartness and the ability to use starts to navigate. He holds an example that ducks who do not have any more developed brains compare to other animals can still use start to navigate.

Secondly, the article says that humpback whales migrate in a straight line and the external force they need must be the starts. But, the professor